Michael D.Heath-Caldwell M.Arch.

PB110123

Anne Caldwell (? to Mary Caldwell, August 1811

Miss M Caldwell

Linley Wood
Nr Lawton

England

Postmark 31^st August 1811

By a Peat fire at a Highland Inn on the banks of Loch Ness I begin my first letter to my dear English Mary half tired and half sleepy back with my poney still warm from the delightfull scene I have enjoyed.

Today we parted with H.Holland who came with us to Callander and thence to Lock Katrine and now he is going back to [Eton?] and we are arrived here.

Scotland is indeed a fine country such a glorious confusion of rock and wood and torrents swollen and running after the rains of yesterday as far exceeding expectation.

Every scene may be called truly picturesque, though I hate the term. The cottages are wild, the dress of the peasantry and the air in general uniformly striking. I will not attempt, after Scot, to give you an idea of Lock Katrine, it is truly fine but we saw it in the most dreadful and unhospitable [umpitrable?] rain I ever was out in.

To say the truth I was a little disappointed. I think it anything but what Scot has described it and the [Jcosacks?] of FitzJamess journey do not in the least resemble these. There is not a place in the Lady of [Lake?]but we have seen and we must not forget Sterling Castle. We came there late on Tuesday night but determined to run up and like a glove by moonlight it appeared the finest thing in the world.

The forth lakes a thousand winchings in a highly cultivated valley which reaches to Dun Edin boarded by a fine outline of mountains and of a range of these I must just tell you that a gentleman about 40 years got Silver enough on his own estate for a Service of Plate (HH).

You told me much of the charms of a mountainous country but it was nothing to reality. I know you hate descriptions but how can I help giving you what is constantly dwelling upon my mind.

Monday, the day before we left Edinburgh you know we went to dine at Woodhouselee. The Tytlers may truly be called a charming family for there is a charm in every thing round them. In the grounds, the house filled with pictures, windows ornamented with flowers and looking upon delightful views, a most agreeable old man [Alexander Fraser Tytler, Lord Woodhouselee] at the head, an amiable woman for his wife and a family of the most artless affectionate Scotch things you ever saw in your life.

We saw two daughters, a boy of about 16, most intelligent and agreeable (is not this wonderful) and a little cousin and a little [young?] who nobody make out.

And in consequence of the extreme good nature and [bienveillance?] of their reception had a very pleasant day.

I wish Papa knew Lord Woodhouselee. They would suit, I think, excellent. I heartily wish for an opportunity of returning the great kindness they have shewn us.

Monday [26^th August 1811] morning we breakfasted at Mrs Fletchers and met Sir B Boothby there. The Lady appears clever and has a good manner, rather than good manners. It is a misfortune to know that one is renowned for being agreeable, this gives a little the appearance of intention in what she says.

As for Sir B, he is certainly very pleasant and had he not chosen to write himself down for an ass I declare I should never have suspected him of being one. He told us some good anecdotes of Madame de Stael and the German Literate with whom he seems reasonably well acquainted.

Upon the whole I do not much enjoy the conversation of professed agreeables, just perhaps because I feel a little put out and second because it is not a give and take conversation but rather a stage upon which [town a town, turn a turn?] every one makes his speech, is applauded and retires to give place to another speaker, where all play the part of audience but the actor for the minute and therefore where all praise highly in the hopes of being praised in their turn[?].

Though [Jeffery, Jiffing, suffering?] is a [wit, bit, not?] professed [from,form?] this let me except him the little I saw and kind filled me with delight he seemed to speak much; from the rapidity of his thoughts and feelings ti was not cold exertions for the sake of conversation but warm ideas that would be expressed.

His descriptions ever vivid and a [lively, bawdy?] his remarks very lively and every word conveyed some picture to ones mind.

Now do not laugh and say I am [more, done?] away with. I partly own I am and the man who by the mere force of conversation in a quarter of an hour can make so strong and [partial?] an impression must have le don deleloquence.

Sir G Mackenzie is a good natured lively Geologist but these earthly philosophers are very flat I think upon all subjects but their own trade. They are always looking downwards.

Henry H took us on Monday to Ballantynes shop. I was much diverted with the celebrated Booksellers conversation. He gives a high character of the new [Edin arm?] Register but then he is the publisher. He talked very much in the style of the Booksellers in novels. The same peculiar and ready strain of wit and satire upon the unfortunate race of authors.

Sunday [25^th August 1811] we went to Sir Harry Moncreiffs Kirk. A Mr Dickson preached without any outward ceremonies to inspire devotion, without any assistance from music or architecture, without much elocution by the mere force of serious devotion and plain simple and undisemptive prayers which came from and spoke thoughts to the heart. He commanded my attention more than any preacher I ever heard and made inattention indeed almost impossible.

The service consisted of prayers rather short. Psalms in which the congregation joined without any instruments. A sermon and a lecture upon the application of the sermon which as well as the prayers were extempore and pronounced with the utmost fluency in very excellent and simple language.

Mr Alison is reckoned a most admirable preacher when he take his text[?] the eyes of all the auditors are fixed upon his pulpit and every one appears moved and attentive. So much for a name. Had he not had the name I am grieved for the sake of my good taste to say I should never have remarked his discourse so much as to have asked who preached it.

Mrs A is a daughter of Dr Gregory, the woman teacher and lived with Mrs Montague, the letter writer whom she offended by preferring Mr Alison to her nephew and after their marriage Mrs A wrote the book upon taste to justify her choice. I

n spite of Louisa's showman I should be tempted to cry out Edinburgh is the finest place in all the world. The new Town struck me much more than London. It is laid out on a very [clear?] plan. The houses all of stone and perfectly uniform and in consequence of the descent of the ground at the ends of the streets you have delightful views of the Firth of Forth and the Fife shire hills.

The streets are very wide and owing to the system of Flats you may see a cobblers board in a house finer than many in the best streets of London.

The old town is dirty to a proverb with narrow streets and houses sky high. We went to one in Parliament Square so [contrived, constructed?] that on one side it was fourteen stories high though on the other only seven.

Here we are in the Highlands with a pair of horses that are to carry us all our tour as there is no posting at these inns. The places themselves we find comfortable and the people are the unsinuating civil ever times.

At Callander we were waited upon by two most kind hearted women but who were too economical to wear shoes and stockings. We had some cloathes washed and the women assured JSC that as soon as they were toasted she would surely buy[bring?] them.

Great boys of 14 are to be seen in kilts or Feillabags. (I dont know how the spell it) and they talk Gaelic here very commonly.

At Callander who should we see but Mr S Smith who has been through Scotland with Mr A Hinchly.

Well, my dearest dear is not this a letter for you and I have not said a word of my dear home and friends that all the wits and all the wilds of Scotland will not make me ever forget.

Thank you for your kind letter and messages. We shall not alas hear again till we get to Inverary. Goodnight, keep well and continue to write.

Best love to all from all and I am ever your affectionate AC.

[heavy black ink] I would give a good deal my dear Mary to know [when, where?] you are going next and it is a grievous thing that we cannot now till tomorrow week. I was [sorry] I forgot to write down the directions from my - - wrote I think you understood that the glass was to be - - of an inch all the new glass to be put as - - it will go in part and to unfinished in the same manner with it but put of the old to be the old man at Mr Nathans?

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File PB110135

Anne Caldwell to Mary Caldwell 1811

Miss M. Caldwell

Linley Wood

Lawton

Cheshire

England

7^th September 1811

Inverary, Friday Evening.

It did indeed make us very happy, my dearest Mary, to receive such an agreeable account of your health on our arrival here. I hope, my sweet girl will continue to improve and be happy herself in the happiness she bestows and the affection she excites in all who know her.

In spite of all the beauties and pleasures of this town my thoughts will wander home and picture that dear parlour and those dear friends that sit round you and every fine sunshine and sun set reminds me of the days I sat with my dear Mary there.

It is a great pleasure to me to consider that we are having a most agreeable [day, way?] for you in this country and that we have laid the foundations of a most agreeable acquaintance at [Eden, John?] which I think when you come as my Aunt will probably stay longer you may improve and enjoy.

Stamford wrote you from Tyndom[?] where we were in the heart of moors and mountains and with a way before us that made me tremble for the 3 [fairys?] stick in my throat and an unknown coach in a wild country with a driver who know not a step of the way seemed a little frightful.

You will find the way we went in the map. Loch Leven to which place our course was bent lies between Inverness and Argyleshire. The Ballachulish is the point where Lock Leven joins Lock Linne [Linnhe].

The road lies through Glencoe. It is a terrible and awful to the highest degree, a deep Glen between enormous crags into which you plunge by a steep winding descent, worn and torn by the violence of the torrents which pour on all sides from the mountains.

The eagles scream which is particularly wild was the only sound we heard. This was very fine, it was what we came for and I expected nothing further as we heard no good report of the beauty of the rest of the ride, but the saltwater lakes of Leven and Linne exceed everything by far that I have seen in Scotland.

Imagine mountain behind mountain of every form and shape blending with the finest sky on the most beautiful morning and at their feet lakes so wide that the opposite banks are in the distance with fine rocks broken in every direction and sloops and vessels sailing across them.

The sea with all the variety of inland views, though I know you hate descriptions I cannot help describing for I have without affectation seen quite enchanted.

The hills of Morvern were opposite to us where Ossian's Malvina lived. They are very fine.

We passed all round that part of Argyle Shire that lies between Lock Linne and Loch Etive and crossed a Ferry a mile broad which was more necessary than agreeable.

Here we met with a very agreeable boy waiting to be ferried over. Some great mans son who lives near Fort William.

The country Inns and people in Perthshire are not in any degree so much removed from Polish as the people in this corner.

At the inn at Kings House they [shewed, handed?] us [wax seal in way] a bed room to take breakfast at Connel[?] Ferry they had no bread and at [Ivynchon, Tynchon?] we slept in cupboards in the dining room.

At [Zeem?] near Lock Tay, a most amicable little man in a kilt waited upon us at one of the Ferrys. We were rowed by two men who knew nothing I know nothing is I dont speak English.

The chambermaid &c find about often without shoes and never with stockings. It was to be sure a most lucky thing that Stamford came with us. Without him we should never have ventured upon this Highland expedition.

I should say Glencoe [Glenive?] Expedition. He is very kind and very useful. As for Eliza, I really owe to her almost half the pleasure and all the comfort of my journey. She has been so good natured, good humoured and good tempered. This tour will certainly cure me of my general antipathy to journeys.

Inverary looks charming this morning and invites us into the D-s grounds so for fear of want of time I will put in the business part of my letter.

First. My Aunt thinks that Mrs Bridget had better set out next Friday and proceed to Halifax according to the directions she gave her. She must there get directions about [gt?] coaches and proceed to Gisborough as well as she can.

And the best conveyance to Bed can perhaps a reserve chaise.

If the King dies she must bring my Aunts mourning and ours. If you please if he live would you tell M.Reece to send me my plain muslin frock and my japan gown and two bathing gowns.

I am much amused with the idea of MEC setting off solo for Betley. This is being very sister like. I scrawled away the greater part of this last night and am shocked to think what a puzzle you will have to read it.

Now I must go to breakfast. Tell Emma the 9^th of August was spent at Lock Earn head, the wildest place in the world with nothing but bare footed Scotch girls worn brown and withered by hard work to be seen.

Mr McDougal gave us an introduction to Dr Stewart at Lass. He is a great botanist and though we must be [friendly?] indeed I think we have quite taken the botanical character and like cats tumble upon our feet wherever we fall.

I observe a great change in the dress and appearance of the people on the western coast. Very inferior to the natives of the eastern.

Near Connel ferry we saw the ruins of Beregonium which are stupdendous. Mountains that appear formed by the labour of hands and remains of forts. It is situated on the delightful bay and is, I believe, so ancient that no record remains of those who built it. It was the ancient residence of the Scottish and pictish Kings and whatever may be seen of this rude immensity of the remains they sufficiently prove that it was no wandering tribe of savages that constructed them.

There are the remains of a street as regularly paved as any in London. The tradition is that it was destroyed by fire from heaven. And the remains of what are called the [petrified?] forts are masses that appear fused by heat.

There are many druidical remains all over the country and to an antiquarian it must afford ceaseless amusement.

What a change there is in it since Ossian's heroes lived here. Now is all solitary and deserted miles without the hail of human footsteps and the largest habitations made heaps of stones joined without mortar and thatched or covered with clods.

I must now, my beloved girl, give over for we are going to walk. Pray tell Emma and Louis[?] that [I] ought to have written to them but I do so like writing to you that I could not resist the temptation. I am sure they will excuse the preference.

The next letters may be directed to Newcastle. Farewell again my dearest girl. You cannot give too much love for us to the dear Linley Wood [resides?] never absent from our thoughts and think of me as your most truly and warmly attentive [friend?] and sister. AC.

PB110139

Letter Eliza Caldwell to Anne Caldwell - 1812

Post Mark Blackpool 217

Red wax seal

Miss A. Caldwell

Linley Wood

Lawton

Cheshire

Blackpool 25^th June [1812]

My dear Anne,

You will, I suppose, be expecting to hear some further account of us but I fear I shall not be able to get this finished by tomorrows post as different things have prevented me writing all day, and now it is almost time to take advantage of the delightful evening to walk.

We have got a very nice house which looks full upon the sea. Mary has been out for a short time both yesterday and today, sitting on the walk before the door and yesterday she took a ride in Mrs Jones carriage. She is the kindest, most obliging woman I ever saw, and has been here again today to offer it, but Mary did not feel quite equal to it.

She has had an attack of the pain in her side which she had before her rheumatism came on. It must have proceeded from cold, but how she has taken it we cannot divine, for we have taken all possible care of her.

Last night it was so very bad after walking up stairs that I did not know what to do with her but it was at last relieved by hot bottles and salt and it is better today, though not gone off. But I trust this delightful warm weather will soon remove it.

She says she already begins to feel the influence of the sea airs in her appetite, being much improved and I am happy to say her hip has given her no trouble and she is very little, if at all, increased.

Saturday we met with most kind and obliging friends here, indeed Mary seems to create an interest where ever she goes.

Mr and Mrs Strutt[?] of Bilper and their two daughters are arrived. Mr S seems a very friendly man and extremely glad to see my Aunt. He called yesterday to beg she would order his horses to her carriage whenever Mary liked to go out and that kind Mrs Jones, after Mary had sent to decline her offer of her carriage, waked down in the broiling sun herself to be quite sure it was not unnecessary scruples. She brought her a present of pinks and wild roses. I like such presents.

They shew so much attention to the [aquimens?] of life. She sat so long as to prevent my writing so much of my letter as to be able to finish it this morning but I hope another days account of Mary will make up for the delay.

She took calomel last night and has a headache this morning. The only room in the first story is close and the morning sun coming full upon it makes it very hot for her, and she does not have the window open in the night on account of this provoking pain in her side and rheumatism which I am sorry to say is not gone off.

And poor girl I am afraid she finds a miserable deficiency in point of attendance.

I cannot make my Aunt useful in the day, though she is excessively kind and most anxious to do every thing in her power but I am obliged to do everything for her at night whilst Mrs Budget undresses for she cannot be spared to go up before Mary does.

The sea here is most delightful but we have only seen it in its calm moods at present. I have only been twice on the shore, and unless Mary is better I think I shall not like to have her again accept just to bathe and walk about half an hour in the evening though she is very kind and prepares[?] me to walk out.

I only wish I could be a more agreeable companion to her, but I am sorry to observe I make a very dull one. I can find nothing to say to enliven one of her weary hours, and am quite shocked to perceive how much my power of conversing is on the wane: it is unfortunate seeing what a dull companion I make that there is [no?] amusing book to be had to help me: the library here given up, and was fully depended upon it that we neither brought Clarisson nor anything else in the way of light reading except out of Shakespeare who will not be well to read aloud.

The only novelty we have is Mr Gundys lectures which I borrowed of Mrs Robbands. They are not very deep but at the same time certainly cannot be classed under the head of light reading.

We like Mr and Mrs Wilkinson and all their little family very much. Tom is just such another youth as your favourite Tom Peake.

Mary has only seen Mrs R once, but she has sent her a bottle of raspberry vinegar which is very acceptable. I think it would be very well to make some when raspberries come in. Mary seems to like it so much. She has eat two jellies which Mrs Jones sent up, but it is very unwell with her calomel.

I have never left her all morning and if she is not better shall not this afternoon.

I was in great fear that I should have been a poor creature myself for the day after I came here, I had such a swelled face and was so unwell I could hardly hold my head up, but it is nearly gone off and I am [much?] well.

You cannot think what an affectionate reception the Pilkingtons gave us. Catherine particularly. We had a long conversation or rather continued histories from her. She sent a great deal of love to you. They confirmed the report of Lucy Carnes [mater?] but it is not likely to take place at present as her father objects on the score of fortune but they hope to be able to bring it about. His name, (her lover) is Moore, he is the second son of an Irish nobleman but the Pilkingtons did not know his title, and his oldest brother is an idiot so if he can manage to outlive them, Lucy will have her [brows?] graced by a coronet, but it may probably not be till her brows are too old to set it off to much advantage.

Mr Atkinson is so good as to send us the newspaper every day, but there does not seem to be much news afloat.

We are rather disappointed not to have received a letter from some of you. We thought somebody would have written before Saturday. I hope you will as often as you can. We want something to enliven us a little, and nothing can do it so agreeably as a letter from some of you dear girls, or Mamma, and any little incident from home will be interesting and serve for a subject of conversation.

My ink and pen is so bad I have been obliged to write so much at snatches and in such inconvenient positions that I fear you will hardly read it. I shall hope to be able to add a more satisfactory postscript tomorrow morning, the post goes out at 9 so I shall always be able to add the morning intelligence to my letters.

This rheumatism is only distressing from being painful and making the poor girl so helpless now she can have so little help and I fear it will prevent her having so much benefit from the air as she otherwise might.

Monday.

I have hardly a moment to say that Mary seems better this morning, though she has had no sleep, but her ache has not given her so much pain. Kindest love from all to your[each?] Will write again on Wednesday even [liking?] night.

Most affectionate

H.E. Caldwell

Send us word exactly how you do the icing lass, if a letter comes from Mrs Wedgwood I should like to have it forwarded, any other you may read and send on the intelligence.

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File PB110119

E.L. Caldwell to Anne Caldwell 1812

Post mark No.1

Miss Anne Caldwell

Linley Wood

Nr Lawton

Cheshire.

Temple

July 14^th Tuesday 1812

My dear Anne,

I write to send you word that we shall have the great pleasure of seeing you all again on Friday evening and most happy shall I be for it seems a long time since I had the pleasure of seeing all the dear Linley Woodites. Mary has not been quite so well lately and has had a good deal of pain in her side this day or two but the laudanum has done her good. However, she is better and I hope it will quite leave her today. I am afraid Matlock has not done her so much good as it ought to have done but first the weather and then not being so well has prevented her from taking proper exercise. If we should chance to be a day later you must be not be surprised although I think it will be the first day we even tried. It will be a great addition finding Stamford at home for I suppose he is now with you. Emma sent me word you expected him in a week but without staying to consider I wrote to her in London and of course he will be gone before it arrives. If the poor unfortunate animal should march after I beg you will take possession of it as being the first letter I ever wrote to him it will give him a most paltry idea of my powers of letter writing and most unfortunately I forgot the Esq., a great emission but as it is only I think the second time that I ever directed to a gentleman it must be my excuse. The first did not succeed to him. Then this if you will mention spurs Emma can give you an account of to whom I mean. We have not seen a single soul that we know since we last wrote and this last fortnight has passed in complete solitude. Matlock is thin as it can be not a person to stay more than a day. It looks quite forlorn. We have only got two parties in the house. Three young ladies who are none of the genteelest and the Wilstons. The only communication we have with the latter is their coughs and the paper and we are very grateful for this civility as Mrs Evans has given up a paper for the house. We were at first told we might not tough the baby but Lady T [F?] says how any lady may nurse it. We have had it in once and a beautiful little thing it is. But Mary is not strong enough to nurse it much as it is so heavy and I am sorry to find nursing is not my talent. So whether it is want of practice or what else I do not know. But they never feel firm in my hands. I was made most happy with your letter. Everything from you would be acceptable to me but it did not require that to make your agreeable letter go down. I did not however, like the news you sent us. It would make me most uncomfortable if my Uncles scheme took place. But I hope it will not. My Aunt thinks it would be a very good plan for him and my Aunt to go to some seabathing place and she should be glad to go with them and take Mary at the of the races. This I think would be a very good thing but my Aunts are bad people at seconding a scheme. Emma was right when she said we should not study [rip in page]. I have read half a page to day to say I have looked at it but that is all. One really ought to know people here for I think one can do nothing but go about and enjoy company. [Give?] [Papas, papers?] away most enerevantedely[?] and these plans make one very mundane into the bargain. I intend to take great does of [Priestley?] and good looks when I get home for my virtue will not stand by itself without good looks. When you mentioned what you had been reading at home I felt as if I had been wasting my time most exceedingly and I am sure to lose such a [frittling?] life as I have done lately is remarkably bad for the character and I find the effect very bad particularly on mine which has always a tendency to run after the vanities of this wicked world. Mary and I this day or two have botanised some plants. I am not particularly fond of this business but I may as well do it here as nothing. We went in the boat the other day but [fooling, following?] [silent, Lend?] a Thursday one of Mr Arkwrights days and such number of people were coming into Passover that it spoiled our row. One gentleman handing me into the boat managed to make me drop my bonnet into the water and it had a good ducking but however, it has lasted with the ducking and all through the stay without being turned. The music books are a great happiness to me as I sing away for I dare say an hour. Mary says she likes to hear me which gives me great pleasure if I could but believe it. Supper is come in and so good night, give best love to all from the three and accept that my dear [Aunt] of your very affectionate

C. Caldwell

I hope the name Lucia will never get out of fashion. I like it so much.

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File PB20154

Fanny Allen [1781-1871] Aunt of Emma Darwin.

Mentions Madame de Staels visit toEnglandwhich was 1813. Also Lord Byron inEnglandat that time.

Dulwich 15^th February

My dearest Anne,

I like speedy answers quite as much as you do, both to give and receive and therefore it is with great pleasure that I devote this morning to a little conversation with you on paper. I must, however, say, before I go to other subjects, that I do not exactly understand what you mean by answering me shortly, unless, indeed, your letter has been frozen up, at some of the post offices and [man, train?] fixed it for me two days ago. Your letter is not dated, therefore I may guess as I chose. I wrote to you on the 12^th of January, about a month after I received yours but in the mean while I had written to Eliza, which I considered almost told before you answered my last letter, and I have not had a line from Eliza since some time before she went toLiverpool. The beginning of our letter was therefore written in my character and I by you will mind it. Madame de Stal will drive you mad. I do not object to anything you say of her or her books, but I have a great dislike to idolate and in the character of an image breaker I want to prevent your falling down and worshipping you will probably see this divinity of yours in Staffordshire this summer, she means to stay a few at Trentham in her way either to, or from Scotland. Your name has been mentioned to her, as having infiniment desprit, and I give Mackintosh a couple of sentences in your last letter to me, with your name and a description of your person to send to Madame de Stael. I am afraid the chief object of this was to flatter la Baronne, but to this motive another was bound, which I wish may have its effect, that is to say, if she sees you at Trentham, that she may notice you. I do not mean this for vanity sake, but she is undoubtedly very charming in conversation, and will gratify you most entirely. I like your enthusiasm about her, as it is real; but Mrs Waddington has disgusted me with her mock raptures and enthusiasm, which she sends twice a week to Baugh. She and her daughter Fanny prostrate themselves in the dirt before their idol to gain a little fame. Now I want you to admire, not wonder and worship; remember the fate of all idolatry is sooner or later to have their images broken. And remember also that you must practice unbelief or forget much before you can worship the good and fair in your idol. Brougham puzzles her by calling her lamiable inconsequente. Can you discover why? The The Viscon de San Paul, I think it is, struck me very much, particularly the part you mention, which I have quoted once or twice as very striking. This gave me great pleasure, as I like to feel with you, but think a little more soberly. What do you think of a Roman Catholic bishop who was so shocked at the blasphemy of this vision that he would not venture to think of it again? Emma and I went on Saturday evening toGeorge Street, to go with Kity to a party at Mr Warrens. We found Mackintosh very well and in delightful spirits. Poor Godwin dined there. He always makes me low. He seems so oppressed by the evil opinion of mankind. As I found him so much at leisure I asked him what he thought the best books for you to study the mechanism of verse. And he told me, that he would recommend to you Mitfords Harmony of the English Language. ( I think this was the title, but I am not exactly certain) Kames, he said, you would learn nothing from, and Mitfords was the only good book that he knew, for that purpose. After that, he would recommend you to study all Spencer, as he is the most harmonious versifier of our poets, Shakespeare, the harmonious parts ofMilton, and the best parts of Dryden. To read these after, and all other poets not at all, if you wanted to counteract diffuseness of style, he would recommend you to study Greg who is a pattern of closeness but I should think Dryden is a much better pattern of force and closeness. I charge you continue your poetical studies, and let me soon have the effect of them. Have you forgotten your tragedy that you promised to send me? I want to see it very much. Speak a word of it in your next. You must also tell me in your next, whether it was you, or Mr Griffin who bet on Wordsworth, but the one who did, has won it. Cribbes diction is very poetical and quite of the old school. Tell Robertus that Sir J Romily melted the whole company at Bowood to tears by reading to them Cribbes tale of the parting hour. Madame de Stael sobbed and Lady Lansdown was almost in fits. Horner[?] too will back Mr Griffin in his taste for Crabbe, as he thinks him the first poet of the day. I am very much surprised you speak so slightingly of Lord Byrons Corsair. I like it better than The Bride of Abydos, though it does not [reach, nach?] the Giaour. I have received so much pleasure from the [time?] that I should be well content that he produced a few more. He does wisely, however, to work a little harder for lasting fame. The object of the two last poems is very credible to him. Mr Hodgson, the man who is translating Lucien Buonapartes poem, was engaged to be married but he could not afford either to take a house or furnish it. Lord Byron has enabled him to marry, by giving him 500, what he sold the Bridge ofAbydos for. The same sum was given Lord Byron by marriage, for The Corsair, which he wants to give toMoore. He was in a delicate distress how to manage the gift. I have not heard lately how he has got out of the difficulty. It was said on Saturday that orders have been given to prosecute Lord Byron for those verses that were at the end of some of the copies of The Corsair on the Princess Charlottes crying at Carlton House. Any thing that is dirty and contemptible we might expect from the Prince. There are parts of The Corsair that are uncommonly beautiful. The scene between Galnase and the Corsair when she first enters his prison. And also in the boat. His hero is a repetition of his own character again. His notes and preface are written in a detestable style. I have seen one Canto of Lucien Buonapartes poem, it is pretty and I think very interesting. I am no judge of the poetry, but Madame de Stael does not, I believe, think much of it. I have also seen two Volumes of Madame dArblays Wanderer [The Wandereror Female Difficulties by Frances Burney, Madame dA. 1814] which I think excessively interesting. I do not know when it will come out. We have been reading it in a very uncomfortable way, a few hundred sheets now, from Longman and at the end of a fortnight as many again. Another time I will abstain and not read a work piece meal after this manner. Madame dArblay seems to have lost all idea of the manners and I am afraid you are playing a [Judas?] trick both withGriffin [hoof?] and your Jackdaw. I believe you are a sure coquet Annie. I am glad to hear that S.W. [Sarah Wedgwood?] is so well after her journey. She has send me a kind little note. But Lizzie and Sarah have both a [coughing?] fit on them. Are you going to spend any time at Parkfield soon. Mind write to me soon and believe me ever dearest Annie yours

F. Allen. [Fanny Allen?]

You [must have?] the plant and seeds and if they ever remind you of me I shall love the [sturdy, Hurry?] tribe. I will be your star ofArcady. Where isStamford. Is he in town now. [Jessie?] and Es kindest love to you all, more to all your family.

File PB110151

Emma to Anne Caldwell 1815

Postmark Nantwich 169

[8]

Miss Anne Caldwell

Linley Wood

Lawton

Cheshire

Coale

Tuesday 1815

My dear Anne,

I got your dear kind letter yesterday and I jumpt to see your hand writing. I am glad my dear Papa is better and I do hope most sincerely with every body else that this fit may be of service to him. By the time we get home I trust he will be quite well. We do not exactly know what to do about coming home on Saturday or staying till Monday which they wish us to do. I long to see you and all of you again my dear Anne but I think they wish us to stay here. Now you can tell how you all are, how you feel in yourself, how Papa is and whether it will be the least use in our coming home on Saturday taking along with you that we do not care for staying only we have no good reason to give for coming away and they are very kind in asking and wishing us to stay. If you [will will crossed out] think we had better come on Saturday you must send the Talk chaise for us and tell Richard to be here time enough for us to set off from hence at past three. If on Monday he must be here for us to set off by past ten. If you will any of you write again I shall be most happy to hear how you all go on and if you get this time enough to write by Thursdays post you will one of you just let us know how it is settled. Perhaps you will think it disagreeable to have to settle when we shall come but recollect that it is not of the slightest consequence to us which day it is and that I thought you would tell best. I hope and trust my own Anne that you are now more comfortable. I feel grateful to you indeed for telling me [all crossed out] exactly how you feel and I long to talk to you again. That foolish Pionoforte vexes[?] me for Beethoven is a great consolar and [pardon, friend?] to you and the dear little garden must be now lovely. I see none to compare to it, but you must not tire yourself by doing [mud afficis?] to my [pancopus?] leaves. Eliza promised my Aunt Bessy to send her some flowers to plant in for this garden, of any common plants and I think she may [not, yet?] send some by the chaise. I suppose it would tire you too much to come in the chaise that fetches us. Indeed I am sure it would but my Aunts wished me to mention it as they would very much like to see you. This is a pleasant place and most perfectly quiet. My dear Uncle is as happy and busy as possible looking after his workmen and improving his banks. It makes an amazing difference in the happiness of his life having this place to come to. The Clarksons and Mainwarings are coming today and we are going to Harbeton on Thursday and this is all our gaity, but that is very well for I think cows and [guinafields?] are quite as agreeable company as the Nantwich smarts. I got a little (but only very little) [tunic?] for my dear old Shakespeare. I have read Midsummer Nights Dream and I am enchanted with it. Mr Brakspeare is preaching at Andlem a course of sermons against the dangerous heresy of [Miterianism?] [hole in letter thats ?] my Aunts tell me is a substant- - staying over another Sunday. I - - settle for us to stay till Monday and [we?] hope that we shall find both you and Papa stout. I hope you take your two glasses of wine regularly. I enjoin you to do it upon your allegiance. I hope dear Elizas ears are better and that she is stout again, pray send word of this if you write again. Though news is dull I must tell you that Mr William Garnett is going to be married very soon to a Miss Bishton ofLichfield, 19 years of age and with a large fortune. Some say 40,000, others 60,000. Some 80,000 in possession. This is a strange piece of good fortune. It is a pityStamfordcannot fall in with such a catch. It would be a nice little addition to a mans gains. I never felt in such a state of perfect quiescence in my life as I do here. I suppose one should drop a sleep and remain so if one stayed here very long. Your letter has given me the first feeling (to call feeling) since I came,not that I find it dull, only dozy. I am however got interested in the cows, cheese, and I have taken a great fancy to the Evans, indeed I think James is as agreeable a gentleman as I know. I like you friend, old Matty also [unattacted?] I draw manfully but I find Craig difficult. How can you be so affected about my drawing. I have the greatest mind in the world to say I agree with us and then I should puzzle you what I say next. You would be obliged then to take to praising yourself and save me the trouble. I mean to take some views of Coale when I have done all my copies but this is sooner said than done. All here send their best love to your party [and the?] Woods are with you give my love to them. I must thank you too much my dear dearest Anne for your letters and your [tusit?] expressions to me. You know well how I return them in my heart. I must give over now. Be as happy as you can my dearest, think of me ever as your most truly and strongly attended M Emma Caldwell

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File PB110147

Emma C to Anne Caldwell.

From our sister Emma 1816

4

Miss Anne Caldwell

Linley Wood

Lawton

Thursday 27^th June 1816

My dear Anne,

Marianne has offered me a bit of a frank so supposing from Elizas letter yesterday that you are still at Parkfield I shall give you a little account of your young friend. The most prominent incident that has happened is the distinguished [pinins?] I received yesterday of a call from J.S. Caldwell Esq., So pray spare no calumnious stories about his never coming to see me. We are going at his request to meet at the Somerset House Exhibition tomorrow. The Wedgwoods say he was flirting very much with one of Miss Watkins at Lady [Owens, Avins?] He, however, strongly denies. This, I believe, proves nothing. I hope [the said sister crossed out] says true for I am sure they are what M. Darwin means by Town girls. I am sorry to hear that Papa does not seem much better for his journey. It is very hard upon him and discouraging. I hope you are still fresh. Now what a fine thing it would be if you could bottle a little of your spirits and carry it home. To spend some on your friends would be charming and I should love to hear of it. Dont say I am hard-hearted if you happen not be very rich in this precious commodity when you get this note. I enjoy the visiting here extremely though I have not had much of it. The lawyers do however want polish very much indeed to make them complete. I have not seen a man the least like Mr Grey since. On Saturday we drank tea at Mrs [Nans?] dear Mr [Lewis, Lins, Laws?] was there. Mr Tripp, Stroudley and some others. We had a very pleasant evening. I love Mr Lewis. He is so polite, gentlemanly, gentle and amiable looking. Mrs [Nares?] entertains me calling them, Lewis, Tripp, Stoudley my dear &c. She seems to have the manner of a woman who has got ease from the security of pleasing. She is not the least affected but seems certain that she shall be admired. Monday we dined at the [Raines?]. Mr Raine is a pleasant joking man. I sat by him and had a merry dinner. Mr Littledale ( a Liverpool Littledale) endeavoured to make himself agreeable on the other side of me but I am sorry to say was eclipsed by the lawyers. A dinner does indeed deserve all the superiority it bears the character of ever an evening party. The person you sit next must talk to you for a certain time at least. Besides all are in good humor and every one pleasant. The Lawyers do take the liberty to be sure of [cutting, uttering?] the most villainous dull jokes that ever have heard some times, but and seem rather to care more for quantity than quality. Last night the Gs and M.D. went to a party at Lady Bayleys. I stayed away because we thought it was to be a dance and I was not asked. I lost but little, I believe. Dont believe M.Ds saying that Mr Williams admires me. It is a huge mistake. I am only afraid that he mistakes me for a fool. For in spite of myself I cannot resist laughing when he speaks to me. This you would not imagine from his grim face that Sunday at dinner. He always has a suppressed laugh upon his own face as if he had the most ridiculous idea imaginable in his mind. Besides I never can make even a rude guess whether he is in earnest or not every word he says. I like his company in spite of all this he is so very different from everyone else I ever saw. I am going to St. J Square today and I was there Tuesday so I see them there sometimes and they are always so excessively kind to me that it is my greatest happiness to go to them. These Gower Street friends are all very very kind to me and I am perfectly comfortable and enjoy myself very much. When I can get a little conversation with Mr G I like it very much but it is seldom I can and I do not know if he does not rather feel as if [to keep get ? ] anything like conversation was rather too great a trouble to him. It is a great pity he should be so fagged with business that he seems quite tired out when he comes home. We are going to Dulwich on Sunday in the evening to meet all manner of people. Wisham, Romilleys [related to the Cromptons] Mrs Waddington &c. This sounds most agreeable but I think a party of this sort always sounds better than it proves. But I want to see [Wisdom,London,Lisbon?] very much. We are going also to meet the Duke of Sussex at a party. Is not this fine. I saw Dr Holland at the Wedgwoods, Tuesday. He asked tenderly after all of you and begged to be remembered when I wrote. I suppose I shall never see Mr Marsh. I do not know how I should. I hope my dear little Anne is gay and [bish?]. If she can but send me word of this I should be more pleased than at seeing the Duke of Sussex. I do not know how or when I shall come down.Stamford wishes us to come with him. I wish to come as soon asElizabeth likes because I think I shall have been here long enough to satisfy Harriet and Mariannes friendship. But do not say anything that will hurryElizabeth. I do still very much wish to take a few lessons in singing but for [this or that?] I think it would hardly be worth while and I fear my voice is not yet come back to me. I shall call on F. Tollet today if I can and see what she says of her intentions of coming home. I am glad to hear that Mama is so brisk and well. What pleasure it will give her if she see you so too, my dearest [luaine?] I shall write no more because M.D. is waiting for me. Give my love to all your party of at Parkfield and a slice of my best love I beg to present to Miss Sarah if she will accept of it. Yours every my dear Annes very affectionate

H Emma Caldwell

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File PB110115

Emma Caldwell to Anne Marsh, 28th March 1818

Linley Wood

March 28^th Saturday.

My dear Anne,

Still another plan. And I must write to tell it you. I am disappointed of [Mr Lee?] Miss Richards does not go and I did not affection a journey with two strange gentlemen. So there is an end of that schemes. We have at last settled that I will be the [hard?] thing for me to come withStamfordfromBirminghamin his gig. He will set off probably on Sunday which is tomorrow and we shall arrive either Tuesday evening or Wednesday morning. We shall get toSt. Albanson Tuesday and I think it would be a grand thing to come on in a chaise on Tuesday and leave the gig for the Servant to bring. But this can not be quite settled yet. I will let you know when it is. This plan will make me a day or two later and this I do not like but for all other reasons I think it the best.Stamfordseems very well pleased at this thoughts of escorting and I have no doubt will take the kindest care of me. He does this when you are trusted to his protection. I have the day to be packed on and on, his [thin?] is such a positive certainty that it makes me feel comfortable and secure. Besides my mind is eased of the pain of causing my kind brother Arthur the disagreeable price of journeying. I know he would do it willingly and I am just as much obliged as if he came, but if I can arrive without, I shall be very glad and spare him. Thank you for your kind little letter last night. I write[?] now because I thought I would tell you my plan myself. I suppose you got [karfs?] letter from Betley and will deign her an answer now she has written. You cannot think how sorry I am that you have thought our letters scarce. I do not know how it could happen and it is a pity indeed that those should not have enough of my letters who like them. It is too extraordinary a complement to be neglected. My Aunt Eliza and I go toBirminghamon Tuesday next. My stay there will be longer than I intended but they asked me so kindly that I do not scruple. How happy it makes us all to have the dear Anne is so strict as to walk toQueen Street. I always feel a little bit of fear least you should do a little too much when you feel [nlight?]. I hope you will take care. Miss Sarah says you looked very well. If you see any of them will you be so good as to say that I do not wish to take the Concert ticket from theDarwinswhich they have and dispose of, for next Friday [mtone?] Miss S.W. offered it to me, she refused it, and begged I would say whether I wished to take it. when I wrote to you. I am sure I shall much rather sit at home with you the day [Mtone?] after I see you, than go to the finest concert in all the world. I am sorry I shall not see theDarwins. They seem [very?] happy [and are?] very glad you like them. Eliza came home yesterday from Betley and brought a poor account of Mrs W. She is never entirely free from pain for half an house together and I fear her complaint is gaining ground upon her. I do pity her with my whole heart and she cannot help seeing her situation. I think ought to have more advice. Dr Darwin evidently can do nothing for her. If I were Mr W I would never rest till every advice was taken that there is the remotest chance might be useful. She speaks of Eliza W. as the greatest comfort to her and is quite aware how deeply interested she is for her. She is still atShrewsbury. I had a letter from E.W. fromParis. They seem all to be very comfortable and I am very glad they have got Mrs Glifford and Sismondi there. It will makeParistwice as agreeable. Whether [a evening it?] there is I think very uncertain though I shall be very sorry to lose so fair an opportunity. I think the family is better never to take to making schemes again for we make sad work of it and the more we try to settle the more they float away from us. Penelope J and C.W. staid two days with me and by the help ofStamfordthey passed off very well. Jos dined with us again yesterday. He has been attending a pottery meeting and voting a petition to Parliament against the principle of Sir R. Peels -

Bill and I think he might as well have let it alone. He is gone a hunting today and wished and [instinct?] is quite got quite [bushy?] now he has independent and free to act as he pleased. If his family would stay away a year or two instead of a month or two there might be some hopes of his still coming out, what nature intended him to be. Our trees here are not budding the least, we have snow regularly every other day. So that the gardens are quite blank except a vain attempt or two of the silly impatient, little primulas to show some of their finery. We might have nice picking of plants from Mrs Wilbrahams garden for her plants are to be sold and Autumn will [draw?] will as Spring and we will see what we can get when you are here. And how I look to that time Eliza and I have been reading a book upon the [mechanics?] of language and I long to prove some of his ideas by seeing whether your little baby says mama or papa the first thing. As whether it makes a sound in As throat first against all etymodogical rule. I think I shall [whatch?] to see As young ideas begin to speak all day long.Elizabethsays you showed her an exquisite frock.I would I had been there to see. We have [admires?] with weather. I fear the ice is still melting already they say the corn is suffering. Now I am descended to corn and weather I shall stop. I cannot well write any more as I [be me?] a gathered finger. Farewell dear Anne. All beg me to give their best love and mine - - you know how wll I love you. Ever your affection m

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File PB110015

From Emma Caldwell

Diary, December 16^th, 1819.

Anne (Marsh) and her two blessed children came. Poor Eliza: it was hard to see Anne carrying in my little Johnny (Louisa) and the prettiest little baby (Fanny) in the world. Anne burst into a flood of talking, and we were all happy indeed together. The description of Madame de Staels profusion of ideas and conversation when she came home from any journey, put me in mind of my Anne. I find a great likeness in their characters. So our days passed on, talking with eager interest and running and playing with the children all day. My Anne made me happy beyond all words one night.

They stayed till February 12^th 1819

File PB120098

Letter to Posy from AMC

Miss Rosa Marsh

1832

My dearest Posy,

I was very sorry I was not able to write you a letter from Linley, but I was not well enough. I am much better now I am come home. I want to see you very much and Emmy and Harry and I hope they will all come tomorrow. Grand Papa sent his love to all of you but particularly to you and Frankey because you sent your love to him. I am very glad to be at home again. I have brought you a very large drawing board against you are old enough to paint with Miss Brown. And some other little things. Fannys and Daddys love, your affectionate mother,

Anne Marsh.

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File PB110155

Mrs A. Marsh

Waterloo

Kilburn

London - Postpaid

Postmark 7^th Feb 1833

Linley Wood

5^th February 1833

[aged 73, EM

My dearest Anne,

Above you will receive a Bill on demand for 57 being the half years Interest of 2,000 now due under your Marriage Settlement and the Receipt of which you will be so good as to acknowledge in the usual form, expressing it to be in full to this time. The additional 1 is the money which you are so good as to pay for the Magnesia &c.

It gives one great pleasure to hear that your health is upon the whole pretty good, and that you do not materially suffer from ;you literary labours. I am quite anxious about your Book, and impatient to see it, not doubting that it will do great credit to yourself and afford equal gratification to your readers. I rather wonder that you have not shown it to our good friend the Doctor, but he is so constantly engaged that I suppose you were fearful of intruding upon him. I still continue an Invalid though gradually better. Unfortunately I am not yet able to get on a Leather shoe, which prevents my taking that air and exercise so essential to my perfect health. However, the wisdom is to take things as quietly as one can, and of which important lesson Gout is a good practical instructor. We expect Eliza Roscoe here tomorrow, hoping that a little change of air and scene may be beneficial to her, though she seems in good spirits about herself, and is I believe, upon the whole pretty well. What an additional delight, my dearest Anne, would it be to me if you could be with us! But I hope it will not be very long before I have the happiness ot see you here. I think you must, and if it be possible with still increasing love and affection.

You would be much grieved and shocked to hear of the death of our old and excellent friend atEton. I have felt it much, as he was a person for whom I ever entertained the most sincere friendship and regards. He was a good man, and had his talents been well directed he would have been a distinguished one.

I am doing all I can to get these affairs of yours from Annes as speedily settled as possible. But it is extraordinary how many difficulties and delays arise on a case which one would think quite plain and straight forwards. I will speak to Eliza again about the large and small legacies. I am very doubtful whether the exemptions from the Duty was intended to extend to the 100 legacies, and I think Eliza did not quite understand my letter to her.

A Chaise is going today from the train which I hope will do as directed to Mary Beardmores [Drug?] and [may?] prove acceptable to you and Arthur. It would have been sent sooner but we were afraid of the frost.

Bessy is as well as one can reasonably expect at this time of the year, though her cough is occasionally very violent. She joins me in every kind remembrance to yourself and Arthur and the children.

Believe me My dearest Anne,

Ever

Your most tenderly affectionate Father

James Caldwell

File PB120050

Letter to Posy from Martin.

Miss R Marsh

Waterloo

Kilburn

Blackheath

18^th May 1837

My dear Posy,

I now take the opportunity of writing to you by Aunt Mary who is going to Kilburn today as I did not see you on Saturday and the two following days for it was a holiday on Monday so it was very tiresome of you, I think, to go to the Huttons on Saturday and not come back till Tuesday, but I hope you will be so kind as to be there on Tuesday, Saturday but one. We played a match with the old school yesterday in which we won by 145 runs. Tell Mamma that I got safe to Captin Kemmingtons about eight oclock. I delivered our Papas despatches except the round one that was left behind and Aunt Mary and Aunt Georgy here exceedingly well pleased and could not think why Mamma said they were such ugly things. Tell Papa that he must not be angry with any [fellow crossed out] lady but me as it was my fault that I chose to pack up my own bag and forgot it.. There is a little faint gleam of hope of our having a holiday on the 29^th, it being the Kings birthday so you perceive I shall not have lost much as I shall have the pleasure of your sweet company. I am afraid I must cut the letter short, not liking to spoil my beautiful hand to give my love to all at home, and I remain your affectionate brother,

[Martin] Marsh

PS. Do not forget to write Thursday Morn soon.

File 016

Slightly burned letter. Appears to be notes on grammar. 1820s 1830s. Pages out of order.

[quickly crossed out] in the garden. It might be to the garden or up the garden. These words shew the manner in which he runs with respect to the garden. This rabbit runs quickly into the earth or upon the earth or over the earth, shews how he runs with respect to the earth. This boy beats quickly upon the table, shews the relation of the action to the table. That is how he beats the table, not the quality of his beats. That is an adverb, he beats quickly. But we want to know he beats the table either upon it, or under it, or over it, or at it or near it.

These are prepositions.

7^th

Conjunction these join sentences together. John walks and Anne walks. These relations are only two either they are joined together or they are separated. So conjunctions are of two sorts. Conjunctions which join Asymmetric, which disjoin. But so that if two sentences you make one. John walks is a sentence. Anne walks is another sentence, by using the Conjunction and you join them into a

The Childs Grammar.

Words are divided into different

The first sort are called Nouns. All the names of things, places, people, every name of [kind of] thing is a Noun. Such as Girl, Apple,London, history, Virtue. Eg History is a thing written, made or told. And Virtue may be called a real thing.

There are two kinds of Nouns.

Common nouns and proper Nouns.

Common Nouns are the nouns for things in common, as by which signifies any boys. [Pronoun?] which signifies all or any term. But Proper Nouns are the names of particular things such as Martin signifies our boy Martin.London, that one townLondon.

2^nd.

The next sort of words are those which are put to Nouns to show their quality, what a thing is. They are called adjectives. As green, tall, sweet, naughty. A green tree, a tall girl, a naughty boy. Shows the tree is of a green quality, the girl is of a tall quality &c.

The next sort of word is that which shows the acting of the Noun. What a thing does, as to run, walk, smile, hope. The tall girls run, or the boy hopes. There are two sorts of Verbs, the Active and the Passive. The Active when they shew what a thing does, as the boy beats. The passive

3^rd.

The third sort of words are called Pronouns. Pro-noun. For Noun. They are the words which we use instead of repeating the Noun which would be troublesome. So instead of saying Louisa is good, Louisa has said a good lesson. We say Louisa is good, she has said a good lesson. A little child says Posy wants a bit of cake, we say I want a bit of cake instead of using our own name. There are a many kinds of Pronouns, which I will explain by the bye.

shows what is done to a thing. The boy is beaten.

5^th.

The next part of speech is called Adverbs and Verbs. You must observe now that an action as well as a thing Noun. Thus you may run quickly or run slowly as well as have a quick horse or a slow horse. Quickly and slowly. Adverbs showing the quality of Verbs, just as quick horse, slow horse shew that qualities of a noun. You may observe that a great many adverbs are nothing

But adjectives altered by putting ly to them, as quick, quickly. But some adverbs are quite altered. As good adjectives is made into well adverb a good boy. We dont say he behaves goodly but we say he behaves well. You may always know an adverb ly its showing the quality of a verb.

6^th

The Proposition is harder. It shews the relation that the verb bears to something else which it acts upon. As the boy runs

about is a Preposition, perhaps you may think it an Adverb, but it is not. It relates to something understood. For though you do not say he runs about in a place we know you must mean it so we understand it. We call it therefore a word understood. What is spoken we call expressed. Do you fully comprehend this difference between expressed and understood. Yes. Well then you see about is a preposition for it relates to a word understood that is the running[?] about which the boy is running.

Adverbs and Prepositions and

I speak of Charles.

The boy runs, notwithstanding what you say.

Oh but you are a naughty boy.

And not to the verb which is expressed. He runs. For it does not shew his mode, manner of running.

Of is a preposition, it shows the relation of your speaking of Charles. Notwithstanding is a Preposition but here it shews the relation to an action, that of your speaking, and not to a Noun, but is a Conjunction for it joins it. To the sentence you are a naughty boy, you may know a conjunction by the sense being complete either before or after it so that if you leave it you will have two complete sentences for

Of Pronouns.

There are so many sorts of Pronouns and they require so much attention that I have put them at the last here. In order to explain them very fully. The first thing to observe is how to know a pronoun. Whatever was [stands?] instead of a noun is a pronoun. He, his, she, her, hers herself

A indefinite article, why? Good adjective boy, common noun why?

Nouns verbs.

Why? It is the action the boy does, He Pronoun. Why? It stands for boy. Quickly adverb. Why? Shews how he runs.

About, preposition because it relates or shews not what belongs to the rest but what belongs to the garden.

And Conjunction why? Because it joins these two sentences. He was about the garden, he tumbles.

[Math, walk?] interjection.

Or adverbs Prepositions.

And Conjunctions

The boy. He runs about.

In this instance Oh! Is a complete sense, if you join nothing to it.

John walks. Anne walks. But sometimes though they join the words into one sentence they do not join the meaning, as it were, for John walks and Anne walks means that both walk. But John walks or Anne walks means they are separated either one or other walks. These sort are therefore called Disjunctive Conjunctions. The others Conjunctive Conjunctions.

There is one other sort of words, Articles, this is usually counted the first. I cannot explain it you the nature of an article. There are but two, a and the. They are only put before Nouns and they shew a kind of quality. That quality is whether the Noun you are speaking of is any one of its kind no matter which. Or whether it is one particular one of its kind. A boy runs, is any boy. The boy runs is that particular boy, you are speaking of. A is therefore the indefinite article, that does not define or shew which boy is meant. The is the definite article because it does define or shew.

9^th

The 9^th part of speech is the Intejection. This is very easy, it is the sort of word used for calling out or exclaim. Oh! Alas! Pooh! And so on. They hardly are words.

Passing Exercises.

A good boy

A good boy runs

A good boy runs, he runs quickly.

He runs quickly about the garden.

He runs about the garden and he tumbles.

A good boy, he runs quickly about the garden and he tumbles. Oh dear! Halloo!

x